An Introductory Course of Particle Physics

Table of Contents
Scope of Particle Physics
What are elementary particles?
Inventory of Elementary Fermions
Which Properties?
Fundamental Interactions
High Energy Physics
Relativity and Quantum Theory
Natural Units
Plan of the book

Relativistic Kinematics
Lorentz Transformation Equations
Vectors and Tensors on Spacetime
Velocity, Momentum and Energy
Covariance
Invariances and Conservation Laws
Kinematics of Decays
Kinematics of Scattering Processes

Symmetries and Groups
The Role of Symmetries
Group Theory
Examples and Classification
Generators
Representations
Lorentz Group
Poincaré Group

A brisk Tour of Quantum Field Theory
Motivating quantum fields
Plane wave solutions
Lagrangian
Making Lorentz Invariants with Fields
Lagrangians for Free Fields
Noether Currents and Charges
Quantum Fields as Operators
States
Interactions
From Lagrangian to Feynman rules
Calculation of Decay Rates
Calculation of Cross-Sections
Differential Decay Rates and Cross-Sections
Feynman Diagrams Which Do Not Represent Physical Amplitudes

Quantum Electrodynamics
Gauge Invariance
Interaction Vertex
Elastic Scattering at Second Order
Inelastic Scattering at Second Order
Scalar QED
Multi-Photon States
Higher Order Effects

Parity and Charge Conjugation
Discrete Symmetries in Classical Electrodynamics
Parity Transformation of Fields
Charge Conjugation
Parity Properties of Particle States
Charge Conjugation Properties of Particle States
Multi-Photon States
Positronium
Parity Assignment of Different Particles
Signature of Parity Violation
Consequences of Charge Conjugation Symmetry
CP Symmetry

Time-Reversal and CPT Symmetries
Anti-Unitary Operators
Time Reversal Transformation on Fields
CPT Transformation on Fields
CPT Theorem
Consequences of CPT Symmetry
Time Reversal Transformation on States
Signature of Time Reversal Violation

Isospin
Nuclear Energy Levels
Isospin Symmetry
Pions
Isospin Relations
G-parity
Generalized Pauli Principle
Isospin and Quarks

Pion-Nucleon Interaction

Isospin breaking

Baryon Number

Discovering Particles
Discoveries of Electron, Proton and Neutron
New Particles in Cosmic Rays
Accelerators
Detectors
Hadronic Zoo
Detecting Short-Lived Particles
Discovering Leptons
Overview of Particle Physics Experiments

SU(3) quark model
Strange quark
Hypercharge
SU(3)
Mesons from three flavors of quarks
Baryons from three flavors of quarks
U-spin and V -spin
SU(3) breaking and mass relations
Electromagnetic properties in SU(3)
Decays of hadrons
Summary of conservation laws
Color

Non-Abelian Gauge Theories
Local SU(N) invariance
Gauge fields
Self-interaction of gauge bosons
Fadeev–Popov ghosts
Interaction of gauge bosons with other particles

Quantum Chromodynamics
SU(3) of Color
Running Parameters
QCD Lagrangian
Perturbative QCD
The 1/N expansion
Lattice Gauge Theory
Confinement
Asymptotic Properties of Color Gauge Fields

Structure of hadrons
Electron-Proton Elastic Scattering
Deep Inelastic Scattering
Structure Functions and Charge Distribution
Scaling
Partons
Parton Distribution Functions
Parton Distribution and Cross-Section
Fragmentation
Scale Dependence of Parton Distribution
Quark Masses
Glueballs

Fermi Theory of Weak Interactions
Four-Fermion Interaction
Helicity and Chirality
Fierz Transformations
Elastic Neutrino-Electron Scattering
Inelastic Neutrino-Electron Scattering
Muon and Tau Decay
Parity Violation
Problems with Fermi Theory
Intermediate Vector Bosons

Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking
Examples of Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking
Goldstone Theorem
Interaction of Goldstone Bosons
Higgs Mechanism

Standard Electroweak Model with Leptons
Chiral Fermions and Internal Symmetries
Leptons and the Gauge Group
Symmetry Breaking
Gauge Interaction of Fermions
Yukawa Sector
Connection with Fermi Theory
Forward-Backward Asymmetry

Electroweak Interaction of Hadrons
Quarks in Standard Model
Gauge Interaction of Quarks
CKM Matrix and Its Parametrization
Yukawa Interaction of quarks
Leptonic decays of Mesons
Spin and Parity of Hadronic Currents
Selection Rules for Charged Currents
Semileptonic Decays of Mesons
Neutral Kaons
Processes Involving Baryons

Global symmetries of standard model
Accidental symmetries
Approximate symmetries
Chiral symmetries
Anomalies

Bosons of Standard Model
Interactions among Bosons
Decay of Gauge Bosons
Scattering of Gauge Bosons
Equivalence Theorem
Custodial Symmetry
Loop Corrections
Higgs Boson

Hadrons Involving Heavy Quark Flavors
Charm Quark and Charmed Hadrons
Bottom Quark
Neutral Meson-Antimeson Systems
Top Quark
Quark Masses
Heavy Quark Effective Theory

CP Violation
CP Violation and Complex Parameters
Kobayashi-Maskawa Theory of CP Violation
Rephasing Invariant Formulation
CP-Violating Decays of Kaons
Other Signals of CP Violation
Unitarity Triangle
CP Violation and T Violation
Strong CP Problem

Neutrino Mass and Lepton Mixing
Simple Extension of Standard Model
Neutrino Oscillation
Majorana Fermions
Consequences of Lepton Mixing
Lepton Number Violation
Models of Neutrino Mass

Beyond the Standard Model
Shortcomings of Standard Model
Left-Right Symmetric Model
Grand Unified Theories
Horizontal Symmetry
Supersymmetry
Higher Dimensional Theories
String Theory

Appendices
A Units and Constants
B Short summary of particle properties
C Timeline of major advances in particle physics
D Properties of spacetime
E Clebsch-Gordan co-efficients
F Dirac matrices and spinors
G Evaluation of loop integrals
H Feynman rules for standard model
I Books and other reviews
J Answers to selected exercises


Index