Recent Advances in Ophthalmology Vol-14

1. Management of Post-LASIK Ectasia 1
Partha Biswas, Sneha Batra
• Epidemiology 1
• Presenting Features 2
• Investigations Helpful in the Diagnosis of PLE 2
• Risk Factors for PLE 5
• Pathogenesis 9
• Histopathology 11
• Management 12
• Prevention 16
2. Recent Advances in Lamellar Keratoplasty 23
Casey J Randleman, Soosan Jacob
• Recent Advances in Endothelial Keratoplasty 23
• Recent Advances in Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty 32
3. Keratopigmentation: An Innovative Surgical Option for
Therapeutic and Cosmetic Purposes 39
Olena Al-Shymali, Alejandra E Rodriguez, Maria A Amesty, Jorge L Aliö
• Instruments, Pigments, and Technologies Involved in
Keratopigmentation 40
• Keratopigmentation Surgical Techniques 42
• Indications 45
• Ophthalmological Assessment 46
• Contraindications to Keratopigmentation 47
• Outcomes 48
• Complications 49
4. Ocular Blood Flow in Glaucoma 53
Murali Ariga, Pratheeba Nivean, Malarchelvi Palani, Maithri Arun Kumar
• Assessment of Ocular Blood Flow 53
• Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopic Angiography 54
• Color Doppler Imaging 55
• Laser Doppler Velocimetry 57
• Laser Doppler Flowmetry 58
• Retinal Vessel Analyzer 58
Contents
xviii Recent Advances in Ophthalmology-14
• Retinal Oximetry 58
• Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography 59
• Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography 59
• Factors that Affect Ocular Blood Flow 62
5. Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty 67
Purvi R Bhagat, Shivani Dixit, Nikunj Tank
• History and Concept 67
• Mechanism of Action 67
6. Shunts in the Management of Intractable Glaucoma 74
Rengaraj Venkatesh, Annamalai Odayappan, MG Pavan Kumar
• Types of Glaucoma Drainage Devices 74
• Current Drainage Devices 77
• Preoperative Evaluation 80
• Choosing Glaucoma Drainage Devices 81
• Surgical Procedure 81
• Placement of the Tube 85
• Site of Implantation 85
• Use of Antifibrotics 85
• Complications 85
7. Recent Advances in Intraocular Lens Power Calculation 90
Prashob Mohan, Arup Chakrabarti
• Biometry 90
• IOL Power Calculation Formulae 100
8. Custom Cataract Surgery 112
Rajiv Choudhary
• Refractive Targeting 112
• Biometry 112
• Customization of Surgical Modality 113
• Role of Microincisional Cataract Surgery in Customization 115
• Intraocular Lens Selection 115
• How to Minimize Postoperative Astigmatism and Correct Preexisting
Astigmatism? 117
9. Astigmatism Management in Cataract Surgery 123
Gitansha Shreyas Sachdev, D Ramamurthy
• Preoperative Assessment 123
• Posterior Corneal Astigmatism 124
• Preoperative Corneal Marking 124
• Surgical Methods for Treating Corneal Astigmatism 126
10. Pseudoexfoliation Cataract: Management 135
Prakrati Gupta, Sirisha Senthil
• Preoperative Evaluation 135
• Pseudoexfoliation and Cataract Surgery 138
• Postoperative Complications 143
Contents xix
11. Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery in Posterior
Polar Cataracts 147
Mahipal S Sachdev, Gitansha Shreyas Sachdev, Rashmi Deshmukh,
Hemlata Gupta
• Posterior Polar Cataract 147
• Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery 149
12. Posterior Capsular Rupture Recognition and Management 156
Mohan Rajan, M Ravishankar, Sriram
• Improperly Managed Posterior Capsular Rupture 156
• Early Signs of Posterior Capsular Rupture 156
• Prevention of Posterior Capsular Rupture 158
13. Phacoemulsification in Subluxated Lenses 171
Suhas Haldipurkar, Zain Khatib
• Capsular Support Devices for Subluxated Lenses 171
• Preoperative Workup 176
• Surgical Procedure 177
14. Scleral-Fixated Intraocular Lenses: A Review 184
Meena Chakrabarti, Arup Chakrabarti
• Sutured Scleral Fixation 184
• Sutureless Intrascleral Haptic Fixated Posterior Chamber
Intraocular Lens 197
• Postoperative Complications of Sutureless Scleral Fixation 204
• Sutured versus Sutureless Scleral Fixation 205
15. Message from Clinical Trials and How to Adopt them for Real Life
Situations in Management of Retinal Vascular Disorders 211
Lingam Gopal
• Efficacy versus Effectiveness 211
• Bilateral Diabetic Macular Edema 218
• Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy 219
• Retinal Vein Occlusions 220
• Retinopathy of Prematurity 223
• Neovascular Age Related Macular Degeneration 223
• Dry Age Related Macular Degeneration 223
16. Optical Coherence Tomography—Angiography in
Retinal Diseases 236
Chaitra Jayadev, Arpitha Pereira, Santosh GK Gadde
• Principle 236
• Phase-Based Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography 237
• Amplitude-Based Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography 238
• Complex Signal-Based Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography 238
• Image Processing 239
• Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography of Normal Eyes 240
xx Recent Advances in Ophthalmology-14
• Artifacts 241
• Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography of Retinal Disorders 243
17. Optical Coherence Tomography in Diabetic Retinopathy 260
Manila Khatri, Sandeep Saxena
• Spectral Domain-Optical Coherence Tomography Analysis in
Diabetic Retinopathy 260
• Bioimaging Biomarkers in Diabetic Macular Edema 268
18. Necrotizing Retinopathies 274
Rajesh Babu B, Saurabh Mistry, Sudharshan S
• Herpetic Retinitis 274
• Historical Background 274
• Etiology 276
• Clinical Features 276
• Acute Retinal Necrosis 276
• Progressive Outer Retinal Necrosis 277
• Surgical Management of Acute Retinal Necrosis 280
• Cytomegalovirus Retinitis 280
• Other Retinitis/Retinopathies 282
• Other Rare Causes 283
19. Nyctalopia 287
Avinash Pathengay, Sharat Hegde, Shreyansh Doshi
• Etiology 287
• Clinical Features of Specific Disorders causing Nyctalopia 288
• Pathophysiology 295
• Approach to the Patient of Nyctalopia 296
• Treatment 296
20. Management of Ocular Burns: A Practical Approach 302
Jayesh Vazirani
• Emergency and Acute Phase Management 302
• Ocular Surface Reconstruction and Vision Restoration after
Severe Ocular Burns 305
21. Cerebral Angiography in Neuro-Ophthalmology 309
Hima Pendharkar
• Indications for Cerebral Angiography 310
• Contraindications 310
• Preprocedural Workup 310
• Procedure 311
• Complications 312
• Advances in Cerebral Angiography: 3D-Digital Subtraction
Angiography 315
• Case Studies 317