Trease and Evans Pharmacognosy

Part 1: Introduction

Plants in medicine: the origins of pharmacognosy
The scope and practice of pharmacognosy
Plant nomenclature and taxonomy

Part 2: The plant and animal kingdoms as sources of drugs

Biological and geographical sources of drugs
A taxonomic approach to the study of medicinal plants and animal-derived drugs
Pharmacological activities of natural products
Synergy and other interactions in phytomedicines
Traditional plant medicines as a source of new drugs
Discovering new lead compounds in pharmaceutical research and development

Part 3: Principles related to the commercial production, quality and standardization of natural products

Commerce in crude drugs
Production of crude drugs
Plant growth regulators
Plant cell and tissue culture; biological conversions; clonal propagation
Phytochemical variation within a species
Deterioration of stored drugs
Quality control

Part 4: Phytochemistry

General methods associated with the phytochemical investigation of herbal products
Basic metabolic pathways and the origin of secondary metabolites

Part 5: Pharmacopoeial and related drugs of biological origin

Introduction
Hydrocarbons and derivatives
Carbohydrates
Phenols and phenolic glycosides
Volatile oils and resins
Saponins, cardioactive drugs and other steroids
Miscellaneous isoprenoids
Cyanogenetic glycosides, glucoinolate compounds and miscellaneous glycosides
Alkaloids
The search for naturally-derived anticancer agents
Antiprotozoal natural products
An overview of drugs with antihepatotoxic and oral hypoglycaemic activities
Antibacterial and antiviral drugs
Vitamins and hormones
The plant nutraceuticals
Colouring and flavouring agents
Miscellaneous products

Part 6: Plants in complementary and traditional systems of medicine

Introduction
Herbal medicine in Britain and Europe: regulation and practice
Asian medicine
Chinese herbs in the West
Plants in African traditional medicine - some perspectives

Part 7: Nonmedicinal toxic plants and pesticides
Hallucinogenic, allergenic, teratogenic and other toxic plants

Pesticides of natural origins

Part 8: Morphological and microscopical examination of drugs

Plant description, morphology and anatomy
Cell differentiation and ergastic cell contents
Techniques in microscopy