IAP Textbook of Pediatrics

SECTION 1 BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHILD CARE 1–34
1.1 Pediatrics: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow.............2
YK Amdekar
1.2 History Elicitation.............................................4
T Ravikumar
1.3 Physical Examination ........................................9
C Thangadorai
1.4 Communication and Counseling ......................... 18
Parang N Mehta
1.5 Legal and Ethical Issues in Pediatric Practice ......... 21
George F Moolayil
1.6 Research in Office Practice: Translating Clinical
Information to Evidence-based Research............... 23
Narendra K Arora, Rakesh N Pillai
1.7 Media and Child Health: Handling
Parents and Public ......................................... 28
Remesh Kumar R, Krishna Mohan R
1.8 Child Health in South Asian Association
for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) Countries .......... 30
Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Jai K Das
SECTION 2 CARE OF THE NEWBORN 35–92
2.1 Neonatal Nomenclature ................................... 36
Satvik Bansal
2.2 Neonatal Resuscitation .................................... 37
Satvik Bansal
2.3 Care of the Normal Newborn.............................. 46
B Vishnu Bhat
2.4 Identification and Approach to a Sick Newborn........ 49
Swarna Rekha Bhat
2.5 Low Birth Weight ........................................... 53
Vikram Datta
2.6 Parent Counseling .......................................... 56
Ranjan Kumar Pejaver
2.7 Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia ............................. 59
Rhishikesh Thakre
2.8 Neonatal Infections......................................... 62
Naveen Jain
2.9 Neonatal Seizures .......................................... 66
Ruchi N Nanavati
2.10 Respiratory Distress ....................................... 72
Ashok Kumar
2.11 Bleeding Neonate........................................... 75
JN Sharma
2.12 Hypoxic–Ischemic Encephalopathy and Intracranial
Hemorrhage ................................................. 80
Swathi Chacham, Rachna Pasi
2.13 Necrotizing Enterocolitis .................................. 89
Ruchi Rai
SECTION 3 GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 93–158
3.1 Growth and Development: Basic Concepts ............. 94
Dilip Mukherjee
3.2 Growth: Birth to Puberty ................................... 99
KN Agarwal
3.3 World Health Organization
Under-5 Growth Standards 2006 ........................116
Vaman Khadilkar
3.4 Revised Indian Academy of Pediatrics 2015 Growth
Charts for 5–18 Years Old Indian Children ............123
Vaman Khadilkar
3.5 Growth and Sexual Development in Puberty ..........131
KN Agarwal
3.6 Normal Development .....................................138
DK Agarwal
3.7 Developmental Delay .....................................141
MKC Nair, Deepa Bhaskaran
3.8 Failure to Thrive ...........................................154
Madhulika Kabra
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4.1 Infant and Young Child Feeding .........................160
RK Anand
4.2 Breastfeeding ..............................................166
JP Dadhich
4.3 Human Milk Banking ......................................177
RK Agarwal
4.4 Malnutrition ................................................181
Meenakshi N Mehta
4.5 Water-soluble Vitamins ..................................203
Dheeraj Shah
4.6 Fat-soluble Vitamins ......................................206
(Late) Panna Choudhury
4.7 Trace Elements ............................................211
KE Elizabeth, P Leela Kumari
SECTION 4 NUTRITION 159–216
SECTION 5 IMMUNITY, IMMUNIZATION AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES 217–418
5.1 Basics of Immune System................................219
Naveen Thacker, Deep Thacker
5.2 Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders..................226
Tanu Singhal
5.3 The Principles and Practice of Immunization .........230
T Jacob John
5.4 Rationale of Selection of Vaccines in National
Immunization Program and Indian Academy of
Pediatrics Immunization Timetable ....................234
Vijay N Yewale, Alok Gupta
5.4.1 Polio Endgame: Global and
National Perspectives ............................248
K Surendran, A Parthasarathy
5.5 Universal Immunization Program in India .............253
Tanmay Amladi
5.6 Non UIP Vaccines in India................................258
Anju Aggarwal
5.7 Vaccine Storage and Handling ..........................264
Digant D Shastri
5.8 Adverse Events Following Immunization...............273
M Indra Shekhar Rao, A Parthasarathy, S Venkat Reddy
5.9 Future Vaccines, Adjuvants, and Immunization
Techniques .................................................281
Bharat Mehra, Amarjeet Chitkara
5.10 Controversies in Immunization ..........................286
Abhay Shah
5.11 Fever and Fever of Unknown Origin ....................292
PP Maiya
5.12 Approach to a Child with Fever and Skin Rash........299
Jayakar Thomas, Parimalam Kumar
5.13 Malaria......................................................302
Krishnendu Mondal, Ritabrata Kundu
5.14 Kala-Azar (Visceral Leishmaniasis) ....................308
Utpal Kant Singh, Rajniti Prasad
5.15 Dengue Illnesses ..........................................310
Ashok Kapse
5.16 Chikungunya Fever ........................................335
Rajniti Prasad
5.17 Poliomyelitis ...............................................337
AK Dutta
5.18 Chickenpox (Varicella)....................................342
Lalitha Kailas
5.19 Measles .....................................................345
AP Dubey
5.20 Mumps ......................................................347
Jaydeep Choudhury
5.21 Rubella......................................................350
Nupur Ganguly
5.22 Rabies.......................................................352
Krishnendu Mondal, Ritabrata Kundu
5.23 Pediatric Human Immunodeficiency
Virus Infection and Acquired
Immunodeficiency Syndrome............................355
Chhaya A Divecha, Milind S Tullu
5.24 Leptospirosis...............................................372
S Ramesh
5.25 Tuberculosis................................................375
Aparna Mukherjee, Anuj Singh, Rakesh Lodha
5.26 Diphtheria...................................................384
Monjori Mitra
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5.27 Pertussis ....................................................387
Sailesh Gupta
5.28 Tetanus......................................................390
Raju C Shah, Pratima R Shah
5.29 Rickettsial Diseases ......................................392
Narendra Rathi
5.30 Leprosy......................................................396
Rajeshwar Dayal
5.31 Pandemic Influenza .......................................402
Nitin Shah
5.32 Typhoid Fever ..............................................407
Kakali Roy, Ritabrata Kundu
5.33 Healthcare-associated Infections .......................411
Digant D Shastri
SECTION 6 DISEASES OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 419–554
6.1 Neuroanatomic Localization in Children...............420
Vrajesh Udani
6.2 Prenatal Development and Malformations
of Central Nervous System...............................426
PA Mohammed Kunju
6.3 Neurodegenerative Disorders ...........................438
Naveen Sankhyan, Arushi G Saini
6.4 Neurocutaneous Disorders ...............................447
Devendra Mishra
6.5 Seizures, Epilepsy, and Nonepileptic Events .........451
Rekha Mittal
6.6 Headache and Migraine ..................................474
Munni Ray
6.7 Movement Disorders ......................................478
Anoop Verma
6.8 Encephalitis and Encephalopathies.....................483
Rashmi Kumar
6.9 Infections of the Central Nervous System..............488
Pratibha Singhi
6.10 Coma ........................................................496
Arun Bansal
6.11 Primary Brain Tumors.....................................501
Kamer Singh Rana, JN Goswami
6.12 Raised Intracranial Pressure ............................508
Sunit Singhi
6.13 Stroke........................................................512
Satinder Aneja
6.14 Floppy Infant: Clinical Approach ........................516
Bibek Talukdar
6.15 Neuromuscular Disorders ................................521
Sheffali Gulati, Shruthi NM
6.16 Cerebral Palsy, Intellectual Disability,
and Autism Spectrum Disorder..........................537
MS Mahadeviah
6.17 Learning Disabilities and Attention-Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder ....................................542
Sunil Karande
6.18 Global Developmental Delay and
Early Intervention..........................................545
Sunanda K Reddy
6.19 Autism Spectrum Disorder ...............................550
Jaya Shankar Kaushik
SECTION 7 DISEASES OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 555–618
7.1 Clinical Approach to Pediatric Cardiology .............556
S Srinivasan
7.2 Congenital Heart Disease ................................563
R Krishna Kumar
7.3 Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease .....585
Savitri Shrivastava
7.4 Congestive Heart Failure .................................592
Anita Saxena
7.5 Diseases of Endocardium, Myocardium,
and Pericardium ...........................................602
Srikanta Basu
7.6 Cardiac Arrhythmias ......................................611
S Srinivasan
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SECTION 8 DISEASES OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 619–666
8.1 Examination of the Respiratory System................620
TU Sukumaran
8.2 Diagnostic Procedures and Investigations in
Respiratory Diseases .....................................624
D Vijayasekaran
8.3 Respiratory Distress ......................................629
Madhumati Otiv
8.4 Upper Respiratory Tract Infections .....................633
Sushil K Kabra
8.5 Croup ........................................................636
Deepak Ugra
8.6 Pneumonia..................................................638
Rohit C Agrawal
8.7 Bronchiolitis................................................644
A Balachandran
8.8 Empyema ...................................................648
Varinder Singh
8.9 Suppurative Lung Disease ...............................650
L Subramanyam
8.10 Bronchial Asthma..........................................654
H Paramesh
8.11 Aerosol Therapy ...........................................662
Jagdish Prasad Goyal, Prawin Kumar
SECTION 9 DISEASES OF GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM AND LIVER 667–792
9.1 Acute Diarrhea .............................................668
Ashok K Patwari
9.2 Persistent and Chronic Diarrhea ........................674
Gadadhar Sarangi
9.3 Malabsorption Syndrome.................................679
Ujjal Poddar
9.4 Vomiting and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease ........684
Shashidhararao Nagabhushana
9.5 Parasitic Bowel Disease..................................688
BD Gupta
9.6 Gastrointestinal Bleeding ................................692
Neelam Mohan
9.7 Constipation ................................................700
VR Ravikumar, VS Sankaranarayanan
9.8 Hirschsprung Disease.....................................703
Kanishka Das
9.9 Abdominal Pain ............................................707
Srinivas Sankaranarayanan
9.10 Inflammatory Bowel Disease ............................711
Moinak Sen Sarma
9.11 Hepatomegaly: A Practical Diagnostic Approach ....718
Sheila Bhave
9.12 Clinical Relevance of Liver Function
Tests and Imaging Modalities in
Hepatobiliary Disorders ..................................722
Geetha M
9.13 Viral Hepatitis..............................................725
Malathi Sathiyasekaran
9.14 Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis of Liver .........728
VS Sankaranarayanan, Rakesh Manohar
9.15 Neonatal Cholestasis Syndromes .......................737
A Riyaz
9.16 Cholestatic Disorders in Older Children ...............743
B Bhaskar Raju
9.17 Fulminant Hepatic Failure................................749
Rajiv Chandra Mathur
9.18 Ascites.......................................................752
Balvir S Tomar
9.19 Common Metabolic Liver Disorders ....................771
Ashish Bavdekar
9.20 Acute Pancreatitis .........................................773
D Nirmala, Vandhanaa Natarajan
9.21 Chronic Pancreatitis.......................................778
Seema Alam, Bikrant Bihari Lal, Prabir Maji
9.22 Pediatric Liver Transplantation .........................788
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SECTION 10 DISEASES OF KIDNEY AND URINARY TRACT 793–856
10.1 The Kidney: Structure and Function ....................794
BR Nammalwar
10.2 Diagnostic Evaluation of
Kidney and Urinary Tract .................................797
RN Srivastava
10.3 Developmental Anomalies ...............................802
Susan Uthup
10.4 Glomerulonephritis........................................805
Kamran Afzal
10.5 Renal Vasculitis and Lupus Nephritis ..................809
Sushmita Banerjee
10.6 Acute Kidney Injury........................................813
Sumantra Kumar Raut, Arvind Bagga
10.7 Nephrotic Syndrome ......................................818
Arvind Bagga, Aditi Sharma
10.8 Urinary Tract Infection, Vesicoureteric
Reflux, and Reflux Nephropathy ........................825
Aditi Sinha
10.9 Disorders of Micturition and
Obstructive Uropathy......................................830
Madhuri Kanitkar
10.10 Chronic Kidney Disease and
Renal Replacement Therapies ..........................833
Saumil Gaur, Kishore Phadke
10.11 Renal Tubular Diseases ..................................837
Aditi Sinha
10.12 Asymptomatic Hematuria ................................843
Indira Agarwal
10.13 Nephrolithiasis.............................................845
Uma Ali
10.14 Hypertension ...............................................848
Jitendra Meena, Pankaj Hari
SECTION 11 DISEASES OF BLOOD 857–948
11.1 An Approach to Anemia in the Newborn ...............858
Ved Prakash Choudhry
11.2 An Approach to Diagnosis of Anemia in Children.....863
Ved Prakash Choudhry
11.3 Nutritional Anemias in Infancy and Childhood........869
Niranjan Shendurnikar
11.4 Bone Marrow Failure Syndrome.........................875
Nitin Shah
11.5 Thalassemia Syndromes .................................881
MR Lokeshwar
11.6 Sickle Cell Disease........................................898
Vibhawari S Dani
11.7 Red Cell Membrane Disorders ..........................904
Rashmi Dalvi
11.8 Red Cell Enzymopathies..................................908
Jagdish Chandra
11.9 Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia.........................916
Bharat Agarwal
11.10 Coagulation Disorders and Hemophilia................921
Sunil Gomber
11.11 Platelet and Vascular Disorders.........................925
Sunil Gomber
11.12 Evaluation of a Child with Thrombosis .................928
Tulika Seth
11.13 Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ..............935
Anupam Sachdeva
11.14 Transfusion Medicine and Component Therapy ......941
Deepak Bansal, Rekha Hans
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SECTION 12 PEDIATRIC MALIGNANCIES 949–988
12.1 Malignancies in Children: An Introduction ............950
Purna A Kurkure
12.2 Leukemia ...................................................951
Anupama S Borker, Pooja Balasubramanian
12.3 Lymphoma..................................................957
Brijesh Arora
12.4 Wilms Tumor...............................................965
Purna A Kurkure
12.5 Neuroblastoma.............................................969
ATK Rau
12.6 Retinoblastoma ............................................974
Amita Trehan, Richa Jain
12.7 Soft Tissue Sarcoma ......................................978
Gauri Kapoor
12.8 Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation ...............982
Satya Prakash Yadav
12.9 Late Effects of Treatments in Survivors
of Childhood Cancers .....................................986
Purna A Kurkure
SECTION 13 ENDOCRINOLOGY 989–1054
13.1 Disorders of Growth .......................................990
PSN Menon
13.2 Disorders of Pituitary .....................................997
PSN Menon
13.3 Obesity .................................................... 1003
Anju Virmani
13.4 Disorders of Puberty .................................... 1010
Prisca Colaco
13.5 Disorders of Thyroid Gland............................. 1015
Meena P Desai, Ruchi Parikh
13.6 Mineral Metabolism and Disorders
of Parathyroid Glands................................... 1021
Anju Seth
13.7 Metabolic Rickets and Disorders of
Bone Fragility ............................................ 1029
Vijayalakshmi Bhatia
13.8 Disorders of Adrenal Glands ........................... 1032
Preeti Dabadghao
13.9 Disorders of Adrenocortical Biosynthesis............ 1039
P Raghupathy
13.10 Disorders of Sex Development ........................ 1043
P Raghupathy
13.11 Diabetes Mellitus........................................ 1048
Vijayalakshmi Bhatia
SECTION 14 GENETICS 1055–1100
14.1 Basic Genetics ........................................... 1056
VH Sankar
14.2 Clinical Dysmorphology ................................ 1066
ML Kulkarni
14.3 Common Genetic Disorders............................ 1077
Madhulika Kabra
14.4 Genetic Metabolic Disorders........................... 1090
Shubha Phadke
SECTION 15 ADOLESCENT HEALTH 1101–1126
15.1 Why Adolescent Care Counseling? ................... 1102
MKC Nair
15.2 Family Life Education................................... 1103
Manorama Verma, Jugesh Chhatwal
15.3 Adolescent Nutrition .................................... 1105
Jugesh Chhatwal
15.4 Adolescent Counseling ................................. 1108
Sushila Russell
15.5 Adolescent Mental Health.............................. 1111
Paul SS Russell
15.6 Adolescent Sexuality.................................... 1115
MKC Nair
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15.7 Common Health Problems in Adolescents........... 1117
Sukanta Chatterjee
15.8 Adolescent Gynecology ................................. 1121
Suneeta Mittal
15.9 Adolescent-Friendly School Initiatives............... 1124
Abraham K Paul
16.1 Approach to a Child with Arthritis ..................... 1128
Raju P Khubchandani
16.2 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis............................ 1131
Raju P Khubchandani, Prajakta Joshi
16.3 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ....................... 1136
Surjit Singh
16.4 Approach to Vasculitis .................................. 1139
Surjit Singh
16.5 Kawasaki Disease ....................................... 1141
Surjit Singh
16.6 Other Rheumatological Disorders..................... 1144
Surjit Singh
16.7 Allergic Disorders ....................................... 1147
K Nagaraju
SECTION 17 INTENSIVE CARE AND EMERGENCIES 1159–1226
17.1 NICU and PICU Set-up in Tertiary
Care Hospitals ........................................... 1160
Santosh T Soans, Maninder Dhaliwal
17.2 Common Poisonings in Childhood .................... 1169
S Balasubramanian, Jaydeep Choudhury
17.2.1 Camphor Poisoning ........................... 1176
SS Kale
17.3 Foreign Body ............................................. 1178
Pallab Chatterjee
17.4 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ....................... 1181
Sunil Dutt Sharma
17.5 Shock ...................................................... 1190
M Jayashree, Rajalakshmi Iyer
17.6 Respiratory Failure...................................... 1199
Uday B Nadkarni
17.7 Fluids, Electrolytes and Acid-base Disorders ....... 1203
Sunit Singhi
17.8 Assisted Ventilation ..................................... 1214
Suchitra Ranjit
17.9 Monitoring in the Pediatric Intensive
Care Unit.................................................. 1217
Bala Ramachandran
17.10 Neurocritical Care ....................................... 1219
Soonu Udani
17.11 Transport of Critically Ill Child ........................ 1224
Praveen Khilnani
SECTION 18 PEDIATRIC SUBSPECIALTIES 1227–1336
18.1 Common Behavioral Problems ........................ 1228
Manju Mehta
18.2 Common Surgical Problems ........................... 1236
Ketan Parikh
18.3 Common Orthopedic Conditions....................... 1259
Prakash P Kotwal
18.4 Common Eye Problems ................................. 1267
Upreet Dhaliwal, Payal Gupta
18.5 Common Problems of Ear, Nose and Throat ........ 1278
Divya Prabhat
18.6 Common Skin Diseases................................. 1285
Jayakar Thomas, Parimalam Kumar
18.7 Common Dental Problems ............................. 1306
PK Baskar
18.8 Pediatric Radiology ..................................... 1313
Arun Kumar Gupta, Manisha Jana
18.9 Environment and Child Health ......................... 1328
H Paramesh
SECTION 16 RHEUMATOLOGY 1127–1158
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SECTION 19 COMMUNITY PEDIATRICS 1337–1404
19.1 Vital Statistics............................................ 1338
Joseph L Mathew
19.2 Indicators of Child Health .............................. 1343
Swati Kalra, Piyush Gupta
19.3 Primary Health, National Health Policy 2017,
and Child Health ......................................... 1349
Piyush Gupta, Swati Kalra
19.4 Integrated Management of Neonatal and
Childhood Illnesses ..................................... 1351
Shashi N Vani
19.5 National Health Mission................................ 1355
RK Agarwal, Deepti Agrawal
19.6 National Health Programs Related
to Child Health ........................................... 1362
Pukhraj Bafna
19.7 Rights of the Child....................................... 1371
Swati Y Bhave, Chhaya S Prasad
19.8 Art of Parenting .......................................... 1376
S Yamuna
19.9 Child Abuse and Neglect ............................... 1381
Meenakshi N Mehta
19.10 Sexual Abuse and POCSO Act ......................... 1386
Kiran Aggarwal
19.11 Child Labor ............................................... 1394
SR Banerjee
19.12 Adoption and Care of Orphans......................... 1397
RD Potdar
19.13 Prevention and Control of Injuries .................... 1399
K Nedunchelian
SECTION 20 PEDIATRIC PROCEDURES 1405–1434
20.1 Common Procedures in Pediatric Practice .......... 1406
Baldev S Prajapati
20.2 Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation..................... 1426
Somu Sivabalan, Suresh Kumar S
SECTION 21 PEDIATRIC THERAPEUTICS 1435–1530
21.1 Basics of Pediatric Therapeutics ...................... 1436
Sandeep B Bavdekar
21.2 Adverse Drug Reactions, Drug Interactions,
and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring ..................... 1440
Archana Kher, PSN Menon
21.3 Antiviral Agents .......................................... 1444
P Ramachandran
21.4 Antifungal Therapy ...................................... 1450
Pooja Dewan, Anjali Tomar
21.5 Rational Drug Therapy.................................. 1458
Arun Phatak
21.6 Drugs Licensed for Use in Neonates,
Children, and Adolescents ............................. 1461
Jeeson C Unni, PSN Menon
21.7 Safe Injection Practices ................................ 1522
S Sachidananda Kamath,
Jaydeep Choudhury, A Parthasarathy
Appendix ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 1531
Index .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1541
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