Air Pollution : Air Quality Management

List of Contributors

Preface

Contents of Other Volumes

Part A Control Concepts

1. Control of Systems, Processes, and Operations

I. Introduction

II. Elimination of Air Pollution Emissions

III. Minimizing Emissions of Gaseous and Gas-Borne Wastes

IV. Concentration of Air Pollutants at the Source for Effective Treatment Prior to Release to the Atmosphere

V. Managing the Air Resource

VI. Summary

References

Part B Control Devices

2. Selection, Evaluation, and Application of Control Devices

Nomenclature

I. Selection of a Control System

II. Gas Pretreatment

III. Control Efficiency

IV. Cost, Applicability, and Efficiency of Collectors

References

3. Source Control by Centrifugal Force and Gravity

I. Introduction

II. Cyclone Collectors

III. Rotary Stream Dust Separators

IV. Gravity Settling Chambers

V. Inertial Separators

References

4. Filtration

Nomenclature

I. Introduction

II. Fabric (Bag) Filters

III. Fibrous Mat Filters

IV. Miscellaneous Filters

V. General Considerations

References

5. Electrostatic Precipitation

Nomenclature

I. Introduction

II. Generation of the Corona

III. Electric Field

IV. Particle Charging

V. Particle Collection

VI. Removal of Collected Particles

VII. Dust Resistivity

VIII. Gas Flow

IX. Design and Installation

References

6. Scrubbing

Nomenclature

I. Introduction

II. Gas Absorption

III. Particle Collection

IV. Scrubber Energy Requirement

V. Diffusional Collection

VI. Flux Force/Condensation

VII. Economics

References

7. Mist Elimination

I. Introduction

II. Size Distribution and Stability of Mists

III. Theory of Mist Elimination

IV. Single-Stage Mist Eliminators

V. Multiple-Stage Mist Eliminators (Few Stages)

VI. Multiple-Stage Impingement Separators (Many Stages)

VII. Cyclone Mist Eliminators

VIII. Electrostatic Precipitators

IX. Ceramic Candles

X. Venturi Scrubbers

XI. Sonic Agglomerators

XII. Measurement of the Effectiveness of Mist Eliminators

References

8. Adsorption

I. General Principles

II. Adsorbents

III. Equipment and Systems

IV. Applications to Source Control

V. Comparative Costs of Adsorbers and Other Systems

General References

References

9. Combustion

I. Introduction

II. Principles of Combustion

III. Afterburners

IV. Furnaces

V. Flares

References

Part C Process Emissions and their Control

10. Fuels and Their Utilization

I. Introduction

II. Fuels

III. Pollutants Emitted by Combustion Processes

IV. Fuel Modification to Reduce Emissions

V. Combustion Technology for Clean Fuels from Coal-Conversion Processes

VI. Combustion Modification to Reduce Emissions

References

11. Space Heating and Steam Generation

I. Introduction

II. Fuel-Use Patterns

III. Types of Combustion Equipment

IV. Emissions from Residential Heating Units

V. Emissions from Commercial and Industrial Boilers

VI. Combustion Modification to Reduce Emissions

References

12. Power Generation

I. Electric Power Demand

II. Meeting the Demand

III. Fossil Fuel-Fired Steam Electric Power Plants

IV. Emissions from Fossil Fuel-Fired Steam Electric Generating Plants

V. Control of Emissions from Fossil Fuel-Fired Steam Electric Generating Plants

VI. Gas- and Oil-Fired Turbines and Diesel-Powered Generating Units

VII. Control of Gaseous Emissions from Nuclear-Fueled Steam Electric Generating Plants

VIII. Air Quality Impacts of Emissions from Cooling Towers

References

13. Incineration

I. Introduction

II. Background

III. The Urban Waste Problem

IV. Contemporary Incinerator Technology

V. Causes of Incinerator Emissions

VI. Air Pollution Control Systems for Incinerators

VII. Emission Tests of Incinerators

VIII. Novel Methods of Incineration

IX. Disposal of Bulky Solid Wastes

X. Industrial Waste Disposal

XI. Pathological Waste Disposal

References

14. The Control of Motor Vehicle Emissions

I. Introduction

II. Mobile Sources of Emissions

III. Emission Control Technology

IV. Control of Blowby and Evaporative Emissions

V. Control Approaches for Exhaust Emissions—Conventional Spark-Ignition Engine Motor Vehicles

VI. Stratified-Charge Engines

VII. Diesel Engines

VIII. Rotary Engines

IX. Alternative Engines

X. Control Approaches for Railroad Locomotives and Ships

XI. Control Approaches for Aircraft Emissions

References

15. Agriculture and Agricultural-Products Processing

I. Agriculture

II. Processing Agricultural Products

III. Episode Control Planning for Agricultural and Agricultural- Products Processing Operations

References

16. The Forest Products Industry

I. The Forest Products Industry

II. Power Boilers

III. Dryers

IV. Kraft Pulping

V. Sulfite Pulping

VI. Neutral Sulfite Semichemical (NSSC) Pulping

VII. Effects of Applying the Best Control Technology Available

References

17. Mineral Product Industries

I. Introduction

II. General Operations

III. Specific Processes

IV. Emission Reduction during Air Pollution Episodes

V. Conclusion

References

18. Chemical Industries

A. Inorganic Chemical Processes

B. Petrochemical Processes

19. Petroleum Refining

I. Introduction

II. Oil Refining Technology

III. Type of Emissions

IV. Source and Control

V. Estimation of Quantities

VI. Economics of Control

References

20. Nonferrous Metallurgical Operations

I. Introduction

II. Copper

III. Lead

IV. Zinc

V. Aluminum

VI. Beryllium

VII. Mercury

VIII. Nonferrous Metals of Minor Significance

IX. Secondary Copper, Lead, Zinc, and Aluminum

X. Nonferrous Foundries

General Reference

References

21. Ferrous Metallurgical Operations

I. Introduction

II. Coke Production

III. Sintering

IV. Ironmaking

V. Open Hearth Steelmaking

VI. Basic Oxygen Steelmaking

VII. Electric Furnace Steelmaking

VIII. Rolling, Processing, and Finishing

IX. Ferrous Foundry Operations

References

Subject Index