Partha's Fundamentals of Pediatrics

1. Importance of Pediatrics and Essential Pediatric Care in Developing Countries 1
Yeshwant Krishna Amdekar
1.1 National Rural Health Mission 3
Govindaraj M, Sanjay KS
2. History Elicitation and Physical Examination 7
C Thangadorai, T Ravikumar, Ramaswamy Ganesh
3. Newborn Care 21
B Vishnu Bhat
3.1 Perinatal-Neonatal Nomenclature 21
3.2 Neonatal Resuscitation 22
3.3 Examination of a Newborn 26
3.4 Management of Preterm and Low Birth Weight Babies 31
3.5 Neonatal Jaundice 36
3.6 Other Neonatal Disorders 38
4. Growth and Development 47
MKC Nair, Deepa Bhaskaran
5. Nutrition 60
K Nedunchelian
5.1 Infant and Young Child Nutrition 60
K Nedunchelian
5.2 Breast-feeding 63
S Mahadevan, K Nedunchelian
5.3 Protein-Energy Malnutrition 66
K Nedunchelian, S Mahadevan
5.4 Severe Acute Malnutrition 68
K Nedunchelian
5.5 Protein-Energy Malnutrition: Assessment by History and Clinical Examination 74
K Nedunchelian, S Mahadevan
5.6 Vitamin Deficiencies 76
K Nedunchelian, S Mahadevan
5.7 Trace Elements 80
K Nedunchelian
6. Immunization, Immunity and Infectious Diseases 83
Ritabrata Kundu, Jaydeep Choudhury
6.1 Principles and Practice of Immunization 83
Deep Naveen Thacker
6.2 Immunization Schedules 87
Digant D Shastri
6.3 Vaccines for Routine Immunization in the National Immunization Program and Other Vaccines 90
Nisarga
6.4 The Cold Chain 93
A Parthasarathy
6.5 Disease Surveillance 94
N Thacker, V Goyal
6.6 Childhood Tuberculosis 99
Ajay Kalra
6.7 Poliomyelitis 112
Jaydeep Choudhury
xxiiPartha’s Fundamentals of Pediatrics
6.8 Diphtheria 115
V Poovazhagi
6.9 Pertussis 117
Rohit Agrawal, Rajesh Patel
6.10 Tetanus 119
Dhanya Dharmapalan
6.11 Haemophilus influenzae Disease
Nupur Ganguly
6.12 Cholera 123
M Indra Shekhar Rao
6.13 Leprosy 131
Rajeshwar Dayal
6.14 Measles 134
V Poovazhagi
6.15 Mumps 136
MP Jeyapaul
6.16 Rubella 137
V Poovazhagi
6.17 Rickettsial Infections 139
V Poovazhagi
6.18 Chickenpox (Varicella) 140
Jaydeep Choudhury
6.19 Typhoid Fever 142
Monjori Mitra
6.20 Malaria 146
Ritabrata Kundu
6.21 Kala-Azar 152
Nigam Prakash Narain
6.22 Dengue 157
S Balasubramanian
6.23 Rabies 161
A Parthasarathy, Hitt Sharma
6.24 Pediatric Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome 168
Subhasish Bhattacharyya
7. Community Pediatrics 170
SN Vani
8. Neurology 176
8.1 Neurology 176
Veena Kalra
8.2 Introduction to Seizure Disorders 179
D Gunasingh
8.3 Febrile Seizures 181
K Pandian
8.4 Epilepsy 183
G Kumaresan
8.5 Childhood Meningitis 188
G Kumaresan
8.6 Tuberculous Meningitis 189
G Kumaresan
8.7 Guillain-Barré Syndrome 191
Veena Kalra
8.8 Mental Retardation 193
Veena Kalra
8.9 Other CNS Problems 195
D Gunasingh
9. Cardiology 200
M Zulfikar Ahamed
xxiii Contents
10. Pulmonology 249
Devaraj V Raichur
10.1 Development and Physiology of Pediatric Respiratory System 249
Devaraj V Raichur
10.2 Clinical Approach to Child with Respiratory Distress 250
NK Kalappanavar
10.3 Pulmonary Function Tests in Children 254
NC Gowri Shankar
10.4 Diseases Presenting with Stridor 257
Sara Dhanawade
10.5 Airway Foreign Bodies 259
Sara Dhanawade
10.6 Bronchitis 261
NK Kalappanavar
10.7 Acute Bronchiolitis 263
NK Kalappanavar
10.8 Childhood Asthma 265
Devaraj V Raichur
10.9 Bronchiectasis 269
NK Kalappanavar
10.10 Pneumonia 272
NK Kalappanavar
10.11 Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome 277
Devaraj V Raichur
10.12 Pneumothorax 278
Devaraj V Raichur
10.13 Pleural Effusion and Empyema 279
Devaraj V Raichur
10.14 Lung Abscess 281
Devaraj V Raichur
10.15 Pulmonary Sequestration and Cystic Lesions in the Chest 281
Devaraj V Raichur
11. Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Pancreatology 283
Malathi Sathiyasekaran, Ramaswamy Ganesh, Natarajan Suresh
11.1 Common Gastrointestinal Symptoms: Vomiting, Upper and Lower GI Bleed 283
11.2 Acute Diarrhea 291
11.3 Persistent Diarrhea 295
11.4 Chronic Diarrhea 298
11.5 Abdominal Tuberculosis 301
11.6 Constipation in Children 303
11.7 Chronic Abdominal Pain in Children 305
11.8 Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 307
11.9 Jaundice 308
11.10 Hepatosplenomegaly 311
11.11 Acute Viral Hepatitis 313
11.12 Acute Liver Failure 317
11.13 Chronic Liver Disease in Children 320
11.14 Portal Hypertension 323
11.15 Neonatal Cholestasis Syndrome 326
11.16 Liver Function Tests 329
11.17 Acute Pancreatitis 331
11.18 Chronic Pancreatitis 333
12. Nephrology 336
Pankaj Deshpande
12.1 Acute Glomerulonephritis 336
12.2 Nephrotic Syndrome 338
12.3 Urinary Tract Infections 340
12.4 Hematuria in Children 342
12.5 Urolithiasis in Children 343
xxivPartha’s Fundamentals of Pediatrics
12.6 Obstructive Uropathy in Children 345
12.7 Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome 346
12.8 Acute Renal Failure 347
12.9 Chronic Renal Failure 349
13. Hematology 351

M
R Lokeshwar, Bharat Agarwal
13.1 Anemia in Children: Introduction and Classification 351
13.2 Nutritional Anemia in Infancy, Childhood and Adolescents 356
13.3 Thalassemia 360
13.4 Sickle Cell Disease 370
13.5 Immune Hemolytic Anemia 373
13.6 Red Cell Membrane Disorders 375
13.7 Red Cell Enzymopathy 377
13.8 Bone Marrow Failure Syndrome 378
13.9 Approach to a Bleeding Child 383
13.10 Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura 390
13.11 Hemophilia Syndrome 394
13.12 Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation 399
13.13 Hematopoietic Growth Factors 401
14. Oncology 403
Anupama S Borker
14.1 Overview of Pediatric Oncology 403
14.2 Leukemia 403
14.3 Pediatric Lymphoma 405
14.4 Brain Tumors 408
14.5 Bone Tumors 410
14.6 Sarcomas in Children 412
14.7 Wilms’ Tumor and Neuroblastoma 413
14.8 Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation 415
15. Endocrinology 417
Hemchand Prasad, Vaman Khadilkar
15.1 General Principles of Hormone Production, Regulation and Action 417
15.2 Growth Monitoring and Short Stature 418
15.3 Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism 420
15.4 Childhood Obesity 424
15.5 Thyroid Disorders in Children 425
15.6 Disorders of Puberty 427
15.7 Disorders of the Adrenal Gland 431
15.8 Disorders of Sexual Development 433
15.9 Cushing’s Syndrome 436
15.10 Diabetes Insipidus 436
16. Genetic Disorders 438
Prema Lakshminarayana
17. Allergy and Rheumatology 454
Surjit Singh, Anju Gupta
17.1 Rheumatological Disorders in Children 454
17.2 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis 455
17.3 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 458
17.4 The Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome 460
17.5 Juvenile Dermatomyositis 460
17.6 Scleroderma 461
17.7 Vasculitides in Children 461
17.8 Takayasu’s Arteritis 462
17.9 Kawasaki Disease 462
17.10 Polyarteritis Nodosa 463
17.11 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura 464
xxv Contents
18. Adolescent Health 465
Swati Y Bhave, Preeti Galagali
19. Poisoning and Toxic Ingestion 475
SR Kesavamurthy
20. Essentials of Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care 488
S Thangavelu
20.1 Essentials of Pediatric Intensive Care 488
P Ramachandran, B Uma Maheswari
20.2 Respiratory Distress and Respiratory Failure 490
P Ramachandran, B Uma Maheswari
20.3 Upper Airway Obstruction 492
P Ramachandran, B Uma Maheswari
20.4 Acute Asthma 494
P Ramachandran, B Uma Maheswari
20.5 Management of Shock 497
P Ramachandran, B Uma Maheswari
20.6 Child with Altered Level of Consciousness 502
P Ramachandran, B Uma Maheswari
20.7 Essentials of Neonatal Intensive Care 504
P Ramachandran, B Uma Maheswari
21. Specific Learning Disability 509
Jeeson C Unni
22. Child Abuse, Neglect and Child Labor 518
Meenakshi N Mehta
22.1 Child Abuse and Neglect 518
22.2 Child Labor 524
23. Skin Diseases in Children 531
Jayakar Thomas, Parimalam Kumar
23.1 Skin Diseases during Neonatal Period 531
23.2 Skin Diseases during Infancy and Childhood 532
23.3 Skin Diseases during Adolescence 545
24. Ophthalmology 548
TS Surendran, Meenakshi Swaminathan, R Srikanth
25. Otorhinolaryngology 552
Divya Prabhat
26. Common Dental Problems 561
PK Baskar
27. Pediatric Surgery 566
Ketan Parikh
28. Pediatric Orthopedics 587
Mayil Vahanan Natarajan
29. Rational Drug Therapy in Children 601
S Shivananda
30. Fundamentals of Medical Research 608
N Deivanayagam
31. Pediatric Procedures—Practical Aspects 612
C Thangadorai, T Ravikumar, N Suresh
xxviPartha’s Fundamentals of Pediatrics
32. Pediatric Radiology and Imaging 620
Govind Chavhan, Bhavin Jankharia
33. Miscellaneous Topics 627
33.1 Vital Statistics—India 627
M Govindaraj, KS Sanjay
33.2 Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness 632
M Govindaraj, A Prahalad Kumar
33.3 Rights of Children 639
K Nedunchelian
33.4 Drugs and Drug Dosages 641
S Ramesh
33.5 Interpretation of Laboratory Values in Pediatric Practice 649
NC Gowri Shankar
33.6 Safe Injection Practices 655
M Indra Shekhar Rao
33.7 Interpretation of Allergy Tests 657
Major K Nagaraju
33.8 Medical Council of India Regulations on Graduate Medical Education, 1997 (Amended up to November, 2010) 659
33.9 Syllabus MBBS at the AIIMS 694
Index 761