Mahajan's Methods in Biostatistics for Medical Students and Research

Chapter 1: Introduction 1
• Biostatistics 1
Chapter 2: Sources and Presentation of Data 11
• Sources of Data 11
• Types of Data 13
• Collection of Medical Data 15
• Presentation of Data 18
• Presentation or Illustration
of Quantitative Data 26
• Presentation or Illustration
of Qualitative Data 36
Chapter 3: Measures of Location—Averages and
Percentiles 41
• Measures of Central Tendency—Averages 42
• Measures of Location—Percentiles 56
• Types of Variability 65
Chapter 4: Variability and its Measures 65
• Measures of Variability 69
Chapter 5: Normal Distributions and Normal Curve 99
• Normal Distribution 99
• Demonstration of a Normal Distribution 10
xii Methods in Biostatistics
• Probability Sampling Techniques 128
• Nonprobability sampling techniques 136
Chapter 7: Probability (Chance) 139
• Terms used in Probability 140
• Basics on Probability 141
• Laws of Probability 143
• Use of Probability in Assessing Screening Test 155
• Other Types of Standard Distribution 160
Chapter 8: Sampling Variability and Significance 167
• Sampling Distribution 168
• Significance 170
• Tests of Significance 183
Chapter 9: Significance of Difference in Means 189
• Standard Error of Mean (SeX) 189
• Significance of Difference Between
Means of Large Samples by Z Test 193
• Significance of Difference Between Means
of Small Samples by Student’s T-Test 201
• Significance of Difference Between Means of
more than Two Samples by F-Test and Anova 212
Chapter 10: Significance of Difference in Proportions
of Large Samples 218
• Standard Error of proportion (SEP
) 220
Chapter 11: The Chi-square Test 230
• Application of chi-square 230
• Calculation of 2 value 234
Chapter 12: Correlation and Regression 248
• Measures of Relationship
Between Continuous Variables 248
• Types of Correlation 250
• Characteristics of a Relationship 253
• Calculation of Correlation Coefficient
from Ungrouped Series 254
• Calculation of Correlation
Coefficient from Grouped Series 259
• Regression 260
• Calculation of regression coefficient 262
Contents xiii
Chapter 13: Designing and Methodology of an
Experiment or a Study 270
• Steps in methodology and designing 271
• Summary 280
• Presentation Briefs 280
Chapter 14: Demography and Vital Statistics 282
• Collection of demographic data 282
• Medical certification of the cause of death 291
• Compilation and presentation 299
Chapter 15: Measures of Population and Vital Statistics 305
• Measures of population 305
• Measures of vital statistics 315
Chapter 16: Life Table 342
• Uses and application 342
• Construction of a Life Table 343
• Modified life table 352
Chapter 17: Exercises 359
• Answers to Exercises 384
Chapter 18: Computers in Medicine 388
• Application of Computers in Biostatistics 389
• Application of Computers in Community
or Public Health Care and Management 389
• Application of Computers in
Hospital Establishments, Nursing Homes and
Clinics of Academic General Practitioners 390
• Use of Computers in Research 392
Chapter 19: Computer Application in Biostatistical
Analysis: An SPSS Manual 394
• Basics of MS Excel 394
• Data entry in MS Excel 395
• Basics of SPSS 398
• Starting Spss 399
• To Open Data Files 401
• To Obtain Frequency Tables 402
Appendices 449
Bibliography 457
Index 459