Essentials of mental health and psychiatric nursing : Vol- 2

Volume 1
1. Introduction to Mental Health Nursing ................................................................................ 1
• Mental Health – Definitions, Meaning, Concept, Dimensions, Principles; Factors Necessary
for Promotion of Mental Health; Characteristics of Mentally Healthy Individual
• Mental Hygiene – Definition, Meaning, Objectives, Relationship between Mental Health and
Mental Hygiene; Principles of Mental Hygiene in Various Stages of Life
• Importance of Heredity and Environment in Human Development
• Defense Mechanisms – Definition, Characteristics, Types
• Concepts of Normative Behaviour; Definitions, Approaches; Functional Perspectives of
Normality, Characteristics of Normal Human Behaviour
• Concept of Abnormality – Definitions, Characteristics of Deviated Personality
• Criteria to Assess the Normality and Abnormality
2. Principles and Concepts of Psychiatric Nursing ................................................................ 36
• Terminologies – Psychiatry, Psychiatric Nursing, Psychiatric Team
• Objectives in Studying Mental Health Nursing
• General Principles of Psychiatric Nursing
• Standards of Psychiatric Nursing Practice
• Scope of Psychiatric Nursing
• Problems of Mental Disorders
• History of Psychiatry, Historical Development of Psychiatric Nursing
• Classification of Mental Disorders
• Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing Practice, Role and Functions of Psychiatric Nurse,
Qualification and Criteria, Qualities required for Psychiatric Nursing Practice; Essential
Psychiatric Nursing Skills required to Practice Effective Nursing Care
3. Introduction to Mental Illness.............................................................................................. 72
Causes of Mental Illness; Symptomatology in Mental illness; Early Recognition of Deviations
from Normal – History Taking, Mental Status Examination, Mini Mental Status Examination;
Nurse’s Observation Record for Psychiatric Clients; Role of Mental Health Nurse in various
Settings – Psychiatric Hospital, Community Setting, Preventive Psychiatry – Primary
Prevention, Secondary Prevention, Tertiary Prevention; Health and Social Services Available
for the Mentally Sick; Existing Mental Health Facilities; Attitudes towards Mentally Ill;
Misconceptions related to Mentally Ill; Prevention of Accidents amongst Mentally Ill;
xiv Essentials of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing
4. Personality............................................................................................................................ 110
Personality: Definition, Nature/Characteristics; Structure, Types, Personality Types Prone for
Psychopathology
Determinants of Personality; Assessment of Personality Techniques – Observation, Situational
Test, Questionnaire, Psychometric Tests – Rational Theoretical Method, Personal Inventory,
Interview, Projective Techniques – Rorschach Ink Blot Test, Thematic Apperception Test,
Children Apperception Test, Word Association Test, Sentence Completion Test
Development of Personality according to Age Wise
Theories of Personality: Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytical Theory; Psychosexual
Development (stages wise); Interpersonal Theory, Abraham Maslow’s Theory; Gordon. W.
Allport Theory, Cattell’s Trait Approach; H.J. Eysenck’s Theory
Neo Freudian Theories – Carl Jung – Analytical Theory, Alfred Adler’s Theory – Individual
Psychology; Karen Horney’s Theory
Phenomenological Approach – Characteristics, George Kelly’s Personal Construct Theory,
Carl Rogers Theory
Behavioural Theory – Operant Reinforcement Theory; Bandura and Walters Behavioural
Approach, Dollard and Miller’s Theory
Intelligence
Definition; Nature and Meaning; Intelligence Quotient; Measurement, Intelligence Tests
5. Conceptual Models .............................................................................................................. 155
Definitions: Conceptual Model, Theory
Models: Medical Model; Psychoanalytical Model; Communication Model; Holistic Model;
Behavioural Model; Interpersonal Model; Interpersonal behaviour; Social Model; Existential
Model, Developmental Theories – Moral Development; Lawrence Kohlberg Theory, Fowler’s
Theory, Emotional Development – Erickson’s Theory; Cognitive Development – Piaget’s
Theory
Nursing Models – Hildegard Peplau’s Nursing Theory; Callista Roy’s Adoptation Model;
Dorothea Elizabeth Orem’s Self Care Deficit Theory; Martha Roger’s Systems Oriented
Nursing Theory; Betty Neumann’s Systems Model
6. Therapeutic Nurse-Patient Relationship........................................................................... 196
Therapeutic Nurse-Patient Relationship
Definition, Purposes, Characteristics, Types, Phases, Essential Elements, Factors Determining
Effective Nurse-Patient Relationship, Essential Qualities; Principles
Communication
Definition, Process, Objectives, Purposes; Types, Qualities of a Good Communicator, Barriers
for Effective Communication
Therapeutic Communication
Definitions, Modes, Techniques, Therapeutic Communication Skills required for Psychiatric
Nurse, Barriers; Characteristics, Therapeutic Impasses and its Intervention
Contents xv
Interview Technique
Definitions, Purposes, Characteristics, Attitude of Interviewer; Interview Skills, Qualities of an
Interviewer; Essential Conditions for Interviewing; Guidelines for Conducting Interview;
Techniques used for Conducting Interview
Observation, Recording and Reporting
7. Therapeutic Psychiatry ....................................................................................................... 223
Aims, Classification of Therapies
Physical Therapies – Electro Convulsive Therapy, Chemical Convulsive Therapy; Abreaction
Therapy; Insulin Therapy
Psychotherapy – Individual Psychotherapy, Group Psychotherapy; Supportive Psychotherapy,
xvi Essentials of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing
Hysteria
Definition, Aetiology, Incidence, Psychopathology, Symptoms, Prognosis, Treatment, Nursing
Management
Withdrawn Behaviour
Definition, Associated Conditions, Psychodynamics, Nursing Management
9. Legal Aspects of Mental Health Nursing........................................................................... 340
• The Indian Lunacy Act, 1912
• Mental Health Act, 1987
• Admission and Discharge Procedures of a Client in Psychiatric Unit, Nurses’ Role in
Admission and Discharge Procedure
• Rights of Mentally Ill
• Legal Role of Nurse
• Legal Responsibilities of a Mentally Ill Person
• Criminal Responsibility, Mc Naughten Rule, Durham Rule
• Civil Responsibility
• Informed Consent, Substituted Consent
• Legal Aspects Related to Community Psychiatry
10. Community Mental Health Nursing .................................................................................. 353
Definitions, Concept; Scope, Community Facilities, Aims or Goals; Role of the Nurse in
Community Mental Health; Mental Health Movement in India/ Historical Development of
Community Mental Health Services; National Mental Health Policy, National Mental Health
Programme (1982), Five Year Plans, Revised National Mental Health Programme (2003)
Volume 2
11. Nursing Process ................................................................................................................... 363
Definition, Steps, Advantages
Process Recording: Definition, Objectives, Prerequisites, Elements, Outline, Approaches, Final
Pointers, Professional Skill Sets
12. Psychosis............................................................................................................................... 372
Psychosis: Definition, Risk Factors, Incidence, Causes, Types, Clinical Manifestations,
Diagnosis, Treatment
Schizophrenia: Definition, Classification, Aetiological Factors, Psychopathology, Clinical
Manifestations, Treatment, Nursing Management, Subtypes: Simple Schizophrenia, Catatonic
Schizophrenia, Residual Schizophrenia, Undifferentiated Schizophrenia, Post-Schizophernic
Depression, Acute Schizophrenic Type, Latent Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Type,
Childhood Type, Paranoid Schizophrenia
Affective Disorders/Mood Disorders: Terminology, Definitions, Classification, Incidence,
Spectrum of Illness/ Magnitude of Illness, Aetiological Factors, Clinical Manifestations
Contents xvii
Depression – Mild, Moderate, Severe; Nursing Management of A Client with Depression,
Differences Between Exogenous and Endogenous Depression; Mania – Definition, Incidence,
Aetiology, Clinical Manifestations, Types – Hypomania, Dysphoric Mania, Acute Mania,
Delirious Mania, Treatment, Outcome, Nursing Management; Involutional Melancholia,
Dysthymia, Cyclothymia
13. Neurosis ................................................................................................................................ 415
Definition, Classification, Causes, Clinical Manifestations, Treatment, Prognosis, Differences
Between Psychosis and Neurosis, Types of Neurosis – Anxiety Disorder and its Types;
Hypochondriasis, Depersonalization, Neurasthenia, Obsessive Compulsive Neurosis, Phobia
and its Types, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
14. Personality Disorder/Characterological Disorder ............................................................ 444
Definition, Classification, Incidence, Risk Factors, Aetiology, Diagnosis, Treatment,
Complications, Types of personality Disorders and its Management – Psychopathy,
Sociopathy, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Paranoid Personality Disorder, Borderline
Personality Disorder, Histrionic Personality Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive Personality
Disorder, Dependent Personality Disorder, Narcissistic Personality Disorder, Avoidant/
Anxious Personality Disorder, Schizoid Personality Disorder, Impulsive Aggressive
Personality Disorder
15. Childhood Disorders ........................................................................................................... 465
Definition, Classification
Mental Retardation : Definition, Incidence and Prevalence, Classification, Predisposing
Factors, Causes, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, Management, Rehabilitation,
Complications, Prevention, Nursing Management, Prognosis
Autism, Selective Mutism, Speech Disorders – Cluttering, Fluency Disorders – Unclear
Speech, Stuttering; Movement Disorders – Mannerisms, Tic Disorder, Attention Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder, Eating Disorders – Classification, causes, Treatment, Nursing
Management; Types of Eating Disorders – Obesity, Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa,
Differences Between Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa, Pica
Behavioural Problems and Its Management (in General), Specific Behavioural Problems –
Sleeping Problems, Conduct Disorders, Anxiety Disorders, Problems in Toilet Training –
Enuresis, Encopresis, Bipolar Disorder, Violent Behaviour, Childhood Schizophrenia, Child
Guidance Clinic
Therapeutic Modalities used in Child Psychiary, Nursing Management of Child with
Psychiatric Disorders
16. Organic Brain/Mental Disorder ......................................................................................... 542
Definition, Causes, Classification, Clinical Manifestations, Treatment, Nursing Management
Types of Organic Brain Disorders – Dementia, Alzheimer’s Disease, Senile Dementia, Senile
Psychosis, Delirium
xviii Essentials of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing
17. Psychophysiologic Disorders/Psychosomatic Disorders .................................................. 555
Definition, Incidence, Types, Dynamics, Clinical Manifestations, Treatment, Nursing
Management,
Dissociative Disorders and Its Types - Dissociative Amnesia, Dissociative Fugue, Multiple
Personality Disorder, Depersonalization Disorder, Dissociative Stupor, Hysteric Fits,
Differences Between Hysterical Fits and Epileptic Seizures
18. Sexual Disorders .................................................................................................................. 570
Definition, Classification, Incidence, Causes, Cycle of Sexual Dysfunction, Diagnosis,
Treatment, Nursing Management
Types of Sexual Disorders and Its Management: Sexual Dysfunctions, Erectile Dysfunction/
Impotence, Sexual Perversion, Voyeurism, Fetishism, Sexual Pain Disorders – Vaginismus,
Dyspareunia; Gender Identity Disorder, Gender Dysphoria, Intersexuality, Premature
Ejaculation
19. Substance Abuse .................................................................................................................. 593
Alcoholism: Definition, Types of Drinkers, Causes, Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations,
Evil Effects, Complications, Acute Intoxication, Withdrawal Syndrome and Its Effects,
Alcohol Deaddiction Centres, Self Help Groups
Drug Abuse: Terminology, Progressive Changes in a Drug Addict, Characteristics,
Withdrawal Syndrome, Causes, Clinical Manifestations, Long Term Effects of Drug Usage,
Diagnosis, Management, Deaddiction Centres, Preventive Measures, Common Drugs Used for
Addiction
Bibliography ......................................................................................................................... 617
Index ..................................................................................................................................... 621