Cell Biology Genetics, Molecular Biology...Ecology

Cell Biology
• Introduction • Techniques in Cell Biology • Cell • Cytoplasmic Matrix (Chemical Organization of the Cell) • Plasma Membrane and Cell Wall • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) • Golgi Apparatus • Lysosomes • Microbodies: Peroxisomes and Glyoxysomes • Mitochondria • Plastids (Chloroplasts, Photosynthesis and Vacuoles) • Nucleus • Chromosomes • Ribosomes • Cytoskeleton: Microtubules, Microfilaments and Intermediate Filaments • Centrioles and Basal Bodies • Cilia and Flagella • Cell Growth and Cell Division (Cell Cycle, Mitosis and Meiosis) • Reproduction • Gametogenesis • Fertilization • Parthenogenesis • Growth

Genetics
• Introduction • Genetical Terminology • Mendel and His Work • Genetic Interaction and Lethal Genes • Quantitative Genetics (Inheritance of Multiple Genes) • Inbreeding, Outbreeding and Hybrid Vigour • Linkage • Crossing Over • Genetic and Cytological Mapping of Chromosomes • Multiple Alleles • Fine Structure of Gene • Sex-linked Inheritance • Determination of Sex and Sex Differentiation • Chromosomal Mutation-I (Cytogenetics: Changes in Structure of Chromosome) • Chromosomal Mutation-II (Cytogenetics: Changes in Chromosome Number) • Gene Mutation • Cytoplasmic or Extra-Nuclear Inheritance • Human Genetics • Eugenics, Euphenics and Genetic Engineering • Transposable Genetic Elements (Jumping or Mobile Genes)

Molecular Biology
• Introduction • Identification of the Genetic Materials • Chemical Nature of Genetic Materials (i.e., DNA and RNA) • Replication of DNA • Non-genetic Ribonucleic Acid (RNA and Transcription) • Genetic Code • Protein Synthesis • Regulation of Gene Action • Genetic Engineering (Isolation, Sequencing, Synthesis of Gene and DNA Fingerprinting) • Immunology • Genetic Recombination and Gene Transfer (Bacterial Conjugation, Transformation, Transduction, Episomes and Plasmids)

Evolution
• Introduction • Development of the Idea of Organic Evolution • Direct Evidences of Evolution: Fossils • Indirect Evidences of Evolution • Theories of Organic Evolution (Lamarckism, Darwinism, Modern Synthetic Theory, Germplasm Theory and Mutation Theory) • Selection in Action (Examples and Types of Natural Selection) • Population Genetics and Evolution • Evolution above Species Level (Adaptation, Adaptive Radiation, Microevolution, Macroevolution, Megaevolution, Punctuated Equilibria and Related Phenomena) • Isolation • Speciation • Barriers • Origin of Life

Ecology
• Introduction • Ecology in India • Environment • Abiotic Environmental Factors • Biotic Environmental Factors • Population (Population Ecology) • Biotic Communities (Community Ecology: Communities, Niche and Bio Indicators) • Ecological Succession • Ecosystem: Structure and Function • Biogeochemical Cycles • Aquatic Ecosystems: Freshwater Communities • Aquatic Ecosystems: Estuaries and Marine Communities • Terrestrial Ecosystems • Pollution (Environmental Pollutants and Toxicology) • Ecology and Human Welfare (Natural Resource Ecology: Natural Resources, Conservation and Management) • Wild Life Management • Biogeography (Distribution of Animals and Plants) • Adaptations (Aquatic Adaptations, Volant Adaptations and Desert Adaptations) • Indices